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The ''Corpus Juris Canonici'' (lit. 'Body of Canon Law') is the collection of significant sources of Canon Law of the Catholic Church that was applicable to Latin Church. It was replaced by the 1917 Code of Canon Law which went into effect in 1918. A new Code of Canon Law was promulgated in 1983 for the Latin rite of the Catholic Church and the first universal codification of Eastern canon law was promulgated in 1990 for the Eastern rites. The ''Corpus juris canonici'' was used in canonical courts of the Catholic Church such as those in each diocese and in the courts of appeal at the Roman Curia such as the ''Sacred Roman Rota''. ==Definitions== The term ''corpus'' (Latin for 'body') here denotes a collection of documents; ''corpus juris'', a collection of laws, especially if they are placed in systematic order. It may signify also an official and complete collection of a legislation made by the legislative power, comprising all the laws which are in force in a country or society. The term, although it never received legal sanction in either Roman or canon law, being merely academic phraseology, is used in the above sense when the "Corpus juris civilis" of the Christian Roman Emperors is meant. The expression ''corpus juris'' may also mean, not the collection of laws itself, but the legislation of a society considered as a whole. Hence Benedict XIV could rightly say that the collection of his Bulls formed part of the corpus juris.〔Jam fere sextus, 1746〕 One best explains the signification of the term ''corpus juris canonici'' by showing the successive meanings which were usually assigned to it in the past and at the present day. Under the name of "corpus canonum" ('body of canons') were designated the collection of Dionysius Exiguus and the ''Collectio Anselmo dedicata'' (see below). The ''Decretum'' of Gratian is already called ''Corpus juris canonici'' by a glossator of the 12th century, and Innocent IV calls by this name the ''Decretales'' or Decretals of Gregory IX.〔Ad expediendos, 9 September 1253〕 Since the second half of the 13th century, ''Corpus juris canonici'' in contradistinction to the Roman ''Corpus juris civilis'' of Justinian I, generally denoted the following collections: the "Decretals" of Gregory IX; those of Boniface VIII (Sixth Book of the Decretals); those of Clement V (Clementinæ) i. e. the collections which at that time, with the ''Decretum'' of Gratian, were taught and explained at the universities. At the present day, under the above title are commonly understood these three collections with the addition of the ''Decretum'' of Gratian, the ''Extravagantes'' (laws 'circulating outside' the standard sources) of John XXII, and the ''Extravagantes Communes''. Thus understood, the term dates back to the 16th century and was officially sanctioned by Gregory XIII.〔Cum pro munere, 1 July 1580〕 The earliest editions of these texts printed under the now usual title of ''Corpus juris canonici'', date from the end of the 16th century (Frankfort, 8vo, 1586; Paris, fol., 1587). In the strict sense of the word the Church does not possess a ''corpus juris clausum'' ('closed body of law'), i. e. a collection of laws to which new ones cannot be added. The Council of Basle (Sess. XXIII, ch. vi) and the decree of the Congregation "''Super statu regularium''" (25 January 1848) do not speak of a ''corpus clausum''; the first refers to "''reservationibus in corpore juris expresse clausis''": reservations of ecclesiastical benefices contained in the ''Corpus juris'', especially in the ''Liber sextus'' of Boniface VIII, to the exclusion of those held in the ''Extravagantes'' described below, and at that time not comprised in the ''Corpus juris canonici''; the second speaks of "''cuilibet privilegio, licet in corpore juris clauso et confirmato''", i. e. of privileges not only granted by the Holy See but also inserted in the official collections of canon law. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Corpus Juris Canonici」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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